Tuberculosis Pathology

A 32-year-old man from rural Maharashtra presents with a 3-month history of cough, fever, and night sweats. Chest X-ray shows cavitary lesions in the right upper lobe. Sputum smear microscopy is positive for acid-fast bacilli. He has no prior TB treatment history and normal renal and hepatic function. What is the drug of choice as the backbone of his initial intensive phase regimen?

A 38-year-old man from rural Maharashtra presents with a 3-month history of productive cough, fever, and night sweats. Chest X-ray shows cavitary lesions in the right upper lobe. Sputum smear microscopy is positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). He has no prior TB history and no known HIV exposure. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 42-year-old woman with biopsy-proven pulmonary TB on standard HRZE therapy for 2 months reports persistent productive cough, fever, and weight loss. Repeat sputum smear microscopy remains positive for AFB. CXR shows no radiological improvement. She reports good adherence to medications. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

In primary tuberculosis, which lymph node group is most commonly involved as part of the Ghon complex?

A 32-year-old man from rural Maharashtra presents with a 3-month history of productive cough with blood-stained sputum, low-grade fever in the evenings, and night sweats drenching his clothes. He has lost 8 kg over this period. On examination, he is cachectic with diminished breath sounds over the right upper lobe. Chest X-ray shows a cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe with surrounding consolidation. Sputum smear microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen stain) is positive for acid-fast bacilli. What is the pathological hallmark of the cavitary lesion seen in this patient?