Protein-Energy Malnutrition

A 3-year-old child from a rural village in Uttar Pradesh presents with severe wasting, loss of muscle mass, and a wizened appearance. The child has been on an inadequate diet consisting mainly of rice and salt for the past 18 months. Which is the most common form of protein-energy malnutrition in this clinical presentation?

In a community-based nutritional survey in a tribal area of Jharkhand, 127 children with protein-energy malnutrition were identified and classified. Which is the most common underlying cause of protein-energy malnutrition in resource-limited settings?

All of the following are characteristic features of Kwashiorkor EXCEPT:

A 3-year-old child from a rural area of Odisha presents with growth retardation, lethargy, and recurrent infections. On examination, the child has wasting of muscles and subcutaneous tissues, dry skin, sparse hair, and absence of edema. The liver is not enlarged. All of the following biochemical findings would be expected EXCEPT:

A 5-year-old girl from a slum in Delhi is admitted with severe malnutrition. Anthropometric measurements show weight-for-age 50% of expected, height-for-age 85% of expected, and weight-for-height 60% of expected. Which finding would best distinguish acute protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) from chronic PEM in this child?