Relative Risk vs Odds Ratio

A cohort study followed 10,000 individuals for 5 years to assess the association between occupational asbestos exposure and lung cancer. Among 2,000 exposed workers, 40 developed lung cancer. Among 8,000 unexposed workers, 16 developed lung cancer. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the interpretation of these findings?

A case-control study of 500 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 500 age-matched controls without MI examined the association between high dietary salt intake and MI risk. Among MI cases, 320 had high salt intake; among controls, 180 had high salt intake. What is the odds ratio, and what does it represent in this study design?

A case-control study of 200 women with breast cancer and 200 age-matched controls without breast cancer was conducted to investigate the association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk. The investigator calculated an Odds Ratio of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2–2.4). Which investigation would be most appropriate to assess for potential confounding by age in this analysis?

A prospective cohort study enrolled 2,000 individuals without diabetes. After 10 years of follow-up, 400 individuals developed type 2 diabetes. Among those who developed diabetes, 320 had a baseline BMI ≥30 kg/m², while among those who did not develop diabetes, 200 had a baseline BMI ≥30 kg/m². What is the odds ratio of developing type 2 diabetes in individuals with BMI ≥30 compared to those with BMI <30?

A case-control study in rural Maharashtra investigates the association between maternal anaemia and preterm birth. The Odds Ratio is calculated as 3.2 (95% CI: 2.1–4.8). All of the following interpretations are correct EXCEPT: