Renal and Ureteric Stones

A 52-year-old woman from Bangalore with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections presents with acute right flank pain and fever (38.5°C). NCCT abdomen shows a 9 mm right ureteric stone at the mid-ureter with moderate hydronephrosis. Urine culture is positive for E. coli. Serum creatinine is 1.8 mg/dL (baseline 1.0 mg/dL). What is the most appropriate immediate next step in management?

Regarding the pathophysiology and risk factors of calcium oxalate renal stones, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

Which metabolic abnormality is the most common cause of recurrent calcium oxalate stone formation?

A 35-year-old man presents with acute colicky flank pain and hematuria. Non-contrast CT confirms a 6 mm calcium oxalate stone in the right mid-ureter. He is hemodynamically stable with no fever or signs of obstruction. What is the drug of choice for acute pain management and stone passage?

A 42-year-old woman with recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis (3 stones in 2 years) and normal renal function is found to have hypercalciuria (urine calcium > 300 mg/day) on 24-hour urine collection. She has no parathyroid disease or sarcoidosis. What is the drug of choice for reducing stone recurrence?