## DSM-5 Duration Criterion for ADHD **Key Point:** DSM-5 requires a minimum symptom duration of **at least 6 months** for ADHD diagnosis across all age groups (children, adolescents, and adults). ### Duration Requirement Details | Criterion | Specification | |-----------|---------------| | **Minimum duration** | 6 months | | **Applies to** | All age groups (children, adolescents, adults) | | **Symptom onset** | Before age 12 years (required) | | **Functional impairment** | Must be present in ≥2 settings (home, school, work) | | **Exclusion** | Symptoms not better explained by another mental disorder or medical condition | ### Clinical Significance of 6-Month Duration - Distinguishes ADHD from **transient situational inattention** (e.g., stress-related, adjustment disorder). - Allows sufficient time to observe persistent pattern across multiple contexts. - Prevents overdiagnosis of children with temporary attention difficulties due to environmental stressors. **High-Yield:** The 6-month criterion is a **core diagnostic requirement** in DSM-5 and is frequently tested in NEET PG examinations. It differentiates ADHD from adjustment disorders and reactive inattention. **Mnemonic:** **"ADHD = 6 months + Before 12 + 2 settings"** — Remember the three key temporal/contextual requirements: 6-month duration, symptom onset before age 12, and impairment in at least 2 settings. **Clinical Pearl:** A child presenting with 3 months of inattention and hyperactivity following parental divorce should be monitored for 6 months before confirming ADHD diagnosis; early symptoms may resolve with adjustment.
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