Regarding the National Health Mission (NHM) and its components, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:

Question

Accepted Answer

D. NHM operates exclusively through government hospitals and does not involve private sector participation. ## NHM Structure and Implementation Model

**Key Point:** The National Health Mission (NHM) is a **multi-sectoral, multi-stakeholder initiative** that actively engages both public and private sectors, along with NGOs and community-based organizations.

### NHM Framework Overview

| Aspect | Details |
|--------|----------|
| **Renamed** | 2013 (from NRHM to NHM) |
| **Scope** | Rural + Urban health systems |
| **Governance** | Decentralized, community-led |
| **Sector engagement** | Public + Private + NGO + Community |
| **Key focus** | RCH, disease control, health systems strengthening |

### NHM Components

1. **National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)** — rural health systems strengthening
2. **National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)** — urban health and slum health
3. **Disease control programs** — communicable and non-communicable diseases
4. **Health systems strengthening** — infrastructure, human resources, supply chain

### Private Sector Role in NHM

- **Accreditation and regulation** — private hospitals empanelled under AB-PMJAY
- **Service delivery partnerships** — contractual arrangements for specific services
- **Training and capacity building** — collaborative programs
- **Referral linkages** — public-private coordination for patient care
- **Disease surveillance** — private practitioners report notifiable diseases

**High-Yield:** NHM explicitly promotes **Public-Private Partnership (PPP)** models to expand healthcare access and reduce burden on public facilities. This is a tested exam concept.

**Clinical Pearl:** Many district hospitals now have formal referral networks with private hospitals for specialized services, funded through NHM allocations.

**Mnemonic:** **DECENTRALIZED** — Decentralization, Equity, Community participation, Equity-focused, Networking (public-private), Transparency, Accountability, Responsiveness, Accountability, Linkages, Integration, Zero tolerance for corruption, Evidence-based, Delivery systems strengthening.

[cite:Park 26e Ch 15]

Answer

A. The NHM focuses on strengthening health systems through decentralization and community participation

Answer

B. Reproductive and child health (RCH) is the primary focus area, with maternal mortality reduction as a key indicator

Answer

C. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was renamed National Health Mission (NHM) in 2013 to include urban health

Regarding the National Health Mission (NHM) and its components, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:

Explanation

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