Under the National Health Mission (NHM), which of the following is the primary focus of the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) strategy?

Explanation

## National Health Mission (NHM) and RMNCH+A Strategy **Key Point:** The RMNCH+A strategy is a convergent approach under NHM designed to address maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health through integrated service delivery and strengthened health systems. [cite:Park 26e Ch 3] ### RMNCH+A Framework Components | Component | Focus Area | Key Indicators | | --- | --- | --- | | **Reproductive Health** | Family planning, contraception, STI/RTI management | Contraceptive prevalence rate | | **Maternal Health** | Antenatal care, institutional delivery, postpartum care | Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) | | **Newborn Health** | Skilled birth attendance, neonatal resuscitation, care of sick newborn | Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) | | **Child Health** | Immunization, nutrition, IMCI, management of childhood illnesses | Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) | | **Adolescent Health** | Nutrition, reproductive health education, mental health | Anemia prevalence in adolescents | ### Primary Objectives 1. **Reduce MMR** — Target: <100 per 100,000 live births (SDG target) 2. **Reduce IMR** — Target: <30 per 1,000 live births 3. **Reduce U5MR** — Target: <40 per 1,000 live births 4. **Achieve universal immunization** — Coverage >95% for all vaccines 5. **Improve institutional delivery rate** — Target: >90% **High-Yield:** RMNCH+A is a **convergent strategy** that integrates services across reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health rather than treating them as separate silos. This is the most tested concept in NEET PG PSM regarding NHM. **Mnemonic:** **RMNCH+A** = **R**eproductive, **M**aternal, **N**ewborn, **C**hild Health, **+A**dolescent ### Integration with NHM RMNCH+A operates through two pillars of NHM: - **National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)** — Focus on rural maternal and child health - **National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)** — Focus on urban poor maternal and child health **Clinical Pearl:** The strategy emphasizes the **continuum of care** from preconception through adolescence, recognizing that maternal and child health outcomes are interdependent and require coordinated interventions across the lifecycle.