Regarding the National Health Mission (NHM) and its sub-missions, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:

Explanation

## National Health Mission (NHM): Structure and Scope **Key Point:** The NHM is NOT exclusively government-run. It incorporates private sector coordination, public–private partnerships, and engagement with NGOs to strengthen health service delivery. ### NHM Framework and Sub-missions | Component | Detail | |-----------|--------| | **Parent Scheme** | National Health Mission (NHM) — launched 2013 | | **Rural Component** | National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) — renamed from NRHM | | **Urban Component** | National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) — launched 2013 | | **Primary Focus** | Strengthening primary health care (PHC) and reducing maternal/child mortality | | **Sector Engagement** | Government, private, NGO, and community-based organizations | ### Operational Model of NHM **High-Yield:** The NHM explicitly recognizes the role of the private sector and NGOs in achieving universal health coverage. State governments are encouraged to develop public–private partnership models. 1. **Government Facilities:** Primary focus on strengthening public health infrastructure 2. **Private Sector Coordination:** Engagement through: - Regulatory frameworks (Clinical Establishment Act) - Referral networks - Training and capacity building partnerships 3. **NGO Involvement:** Community health programs, awareness campaigns, service delivery in underserved areas 4. **Community Participation:** Involvement of ASHA workers, ANM, and village health committees ### Why Option 3 is Incorrect **Warning:** A common misconception is that NHM is purely government-operated. In reality, the mission acknowledges that achieving UHC requires multi-sectoral engagement. Private hospitals are part of referral networks, and NGOs implement community health programs. ### NHM's Core Objectives 1. Reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) 2. Achieve universal immunization 3. Control communicable and non-communicable diseases 4. Promote health and nutrition 5. Ensure equitable access to health services **Clinical Pearl:** The NHM's success depends on synergy between government, private, and civil society sectors. States like Tamil Nadu and Kerala have demonstrated effective public–private coordination models within the NHM framework. [cite:Park 26e Ch 3]