## India's Current Maternal Mortality Ratio **Key Point:** According to NFHS-5 (2019–2021) and SRS 2022 data, India's MMR has declined to approximately 97–103 per 100,000 live births, representing substantial progress toward the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. ### Historical MMR Decline in India | Year | MMR (per 100,000 LB) | Data Source | |------|----------------------|-------------| | 2000 | ~540 | SRS | | 2005 | ~450 | SRS | | 2010 | ~254 | SRS | | 2015 | ~167 | SRS | | 2018 | ~113 | SRS | | 2019–2021 | ~97–103 | NFHS-5 | | 2022 | ~97–100 | SRS | **High-Yield:** The steep decline in MMR is attributed to: - Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) — promoting institutional deliveries - Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) — conditional cash transfers - Expanded skilled birth attendance - Improved emergency obstetric care (EmOC) - Better family planning services - Increased female literacy and awareness ### MMR Definition MMR = (Number of maternal deaths in a year / Number of live births in that year) × 100,000 Maternal death = death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the outcome, due to any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management. **Clinical Pearl:** MMR is a key indicator of women's health, access to healthcare, and socioeconomic development. India is on track to meet the SDG target by 2030 if the current rate of decline continues.
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