Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (due to hyperglycemia and impaired immune function), prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use (by altering the normal microbial flora and allowing *Candida* overgrowth), and HIV infection (due to severe immunosuppression) are all well-established and significant risk factors for various forms of mucocutaneous candidiasis. Hypothyroidism, while affecting metabolism, is not directly associated with an increased risk of candidal infections.
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