A 72-year-old woman from Mumbai with a long history of hypertension presents with progressive dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea. On examination, blood pressure is 160/95 mmHg, heart rate 88 bpm, and there is a prominent S₄ gallop. Echocardiography shows severe left ventricular hypertrophy with normal ejection fraction and impaired diastolic function. During diastole, which of the following best explains the mechanism of her S₄ gallop?

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