## Compression-to-Ventilation Ratio in Adult CPR **Key Point:** The 2015 AHA guidelines recommend a compression-to-ventilation (C:V) ratio of 30:2 for single-rescuer CPR in adults of all ages (except newborns). **High-Yield:** This ratio applies to: - Single rescuer performing CPR on an adult - Untrained or reluctant rescuers - Any adult victim outside the neonatal period **Clinical Pearl:** The 30:2 ratio was adopted to maximize chest compression fraction (the proportion of resuscitation time spent performing compressions), which directly correlates with improved survival outcomes. Minimizing interruptions to compressions is critical. ### Compression Rate and Depth - **Rate:** 100–120 compressions per minute - **Depth:** At least 2 inches (5 cm) in adults; no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm) - **Recoil:** Allow complete chest recoil between compressions ### When Ratio Differs | Scenario | C:V Ratio | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | | Single rescuer, adult | 30:2 | Standard for lay rescuers and healthcare providers | | Two rescuers, adult | 30:2 | Same as single rescuer | | Two rescuers with advanced airway | Continuous compressions | No pause for ventilation; 1 breath every 6 sec | | Newborn/infant | 15:2 | Different from adults | | Hands-only CPR | N/A | Continuous chest compressions without ventilation | **Mnemonic:** **C-A-B** — **C**ompressions first, **A**irway, **B**reathing. Compressions take priority; the 30:2 ratio ensures adequate perfusion while maintaining airway management.
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