While MRI can visualize nerve root avulsions and neuromas, Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) are crucial for assessing the physiological integrity of the nerves and muscles. They can differentiate between neuropraxia (temporary block), axonotmesis (axon damage with intact sheath), and neurotmesis (complete nerve transection), and help determine the extent of denervation and reinnervation. This information is vital for prognosis and deciding on the timing and necessity of surgical intervention, especially if there's no spontaneous recovery by 3-6 months. X-ray is useful to rule out fractures (e.g., clavicle, humerus) but doesn't assess nerve injury directly. CT myelogram is more invasive and typically reserved for specific cases or pre-surgical planning if MRI is inconclusive.
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