## Global and National HIV Epidemiology **Key Point:** India accounts for approximately 6% of the global HIV burden, with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 0.21% (approximately 2.4 million people living with HIV as of 2023). ### Epidemiological Context India is classified as a **low-prevalence, high-burden country** due to its large population base. The prevalence varies significantly by state: - **High-prevalence states:** Manipur (1.44%), Nagaland (1.2%), Mizoram (0.8%) - **Low-prevalence states:** Most southern and northern states (< 0.2%) ### Key Epidemiological Features | Parameter | Value | | --- | --- | | Estimated PLHIV (2023) | ~2.4 million | | Adult prevalence (15–49 yrs) | 0.21% | | New infections annually | ~69,000 | | AIDS-related deaths annually | ~54,000 | | ART coverage | ~89% | **High-Yield:** India's HIV epidemic is **concentrated** in key populations (MSM, sex workers, PWID) rather than generalized, distinguishing it from sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence exceeds 5–10%. **Clinical Pearl:** The decline in India's HIV prevalence from 0.41% (2000) to 0.21% (2023) reflects successful prevention programs, expanded ART access, and behavioral interventions. [cite:Park 26e Ch 8]
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