A 48-year-old woman from Mumbai with a 15-year history of poorly controlled hypertension (BP 170/110 mmHg today) presents with sudden vision loss in the left eye. Fundoscopy reveals multiple flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, papilledema, and areas of retinal whitening. Fluorescein angiography shows areas of non-perfusion with capillary dropout. What is the most likely cause of the retinal whitening observed in this patient?

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