Exotoxin A is a potent virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits protein synthesis in host cells by ADP-ribosylating elongation factor-2 (EF-2), a mechanism identical to that of diphtheria toxin. Alginate is a polysaccharide capsule that contributes to biofilm formation and protects the bacteria from host defenses. Pyocyanin is a blue-green pigment with redox-active properties that generates reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress and tissue damage. Elastase is a protease that degrades host tissues, including elastin, collagen, and immunoglobulins.
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