Under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP), what is the recommended duration of anti-TB therapy for a newly diagnosed case of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis?

Explanation

## Standard Anti-TB Regimen Duration **Key Point:** The standard first-line regimen for drug-susceptible TB consists of a 2-month intensive phase (HRZE) followed by a 4-month continuation phase (HR), totaling 6 months of treatment. ### Intensive Phase (First 2 months) - Drug combination: **H**isoniazid, **R**ifampicin, **P**yrazinamide, **E**thambutol (HRZE) - Goal: Rapid bacterial killing and prevention of resistance - Daily dosing (or thrice-weekly under DOT) ### Continuation Phase (Next 4 months) - Drug combination: **H**isoniazid and **R**ifampicin (HR) - Goal: Sterilization of lesions and prevention of relapse - Daily or thrice-weekly dosing under DOT **High-Yield:** The 2-4-6 regimen (2 months intensive + 4 months continuation = 6 months total) is the backbone of TB treatment globally and is endorsed by WHO, NTEP, and RNTCP guidelines. **Clinical Pearl:** Adherence during the continuation phase is critical—many relapses occur due to premature treatment discontinuation after the intensive phase. [cite:Park 26e Ch TB Control]