A 32-year-old woman with schizophrenia is reviewed in the outpatient clinic. Her family reports that she sits passively at home, shows little interest in activities she once enjoyed, and speaks very little unless directly questioned. Which of the following clinical features is NOT consistent with her current presentation?

Explanation

## Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Differential Recognition ### Features Present in the Clinical Vignette | Feature | Definition | Evidence in Case | |---------|-----------|------------------| | **Avolition** | Loss of motivation and initiative; inability to initiate goal-directed activity | Sits passively at home; lacks drive to engage | | **Anhedonia** | Loss of ability to experience pleasure; diminished interest in activities | No interest in previously enjoyed activities | | **Affective flattening** | Restricted range and intensity of emotional expression | Implied by passive presentation and reduced engagement | ### Why Tangential Speech Does NOT Fit **Key Point:** Tangential speech is a **positive symptom** (formal thought disorder) characterized by responses that diverge from the topic and fail to return to the original point. It represents an excess of disorganized thinking. The patient in this case speaks "very little unless directly questioned"—this describes **alogia** (poverty of speech), a negative symptom. There is no mention of disorganized, off-topic, or tangential responses. Tangential speech would manifest as rambling, off-topic discourse, not reduced speech output. **High-Yield:** Negative symptoms (avolition, anhedonia, affective flattening, alogia) involve a **loss or reduction** of normal functions. Positive symptoms like tangential speech involve an **excess or distortion** of normal functions. **Clinical Pearl:** The predominance of negative symptoms in this patient suggests a "deficit schizophrenia" phenotype, which is associated with poorer prognosis, greater cognitive impairment, and more treatment resistance compared to predominantly positive symptom presentations.