Two patients undergo spirometry. Patient A has emphysema with TLC = 140% predicted, RV = 200% predicted, and FEV₁/FVC = 0.62. Patient B has pulmonary fibrosis with TLC = 60% predicted, RV = 45% predicted, and FEV₁/FVC = 0.78. Which finding best discriminates obstructive hyperinflation from restrictive disease?

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