A 58-year-old male smoker presents to the pulmonology clinic with progressive dyspnea on exertion for 6 months. He denies fever, hemoptysis, or chest pain. Examination reveals decreased breath sounds bilaterally and prolonged expiratory phase. Spirometry shows: FEV₁ = 52% predicted, FVC = 78% predicted, FEV₁/FVC ratio = 0.58. TLC = 125% predicted, RV = 180% predicted. What is the primary pattern of pulmonary dysfunction demonstrated by these findings?