## Extrapulmonary TB Sites in India **Key Point:** Lymph node tuberculosis (TB lymphadenitis) is the most common form of extrapulmonary TB in India, accounting for 40–50% of all extrapulmonary cases. **High-Yield:** The distribution of extrapulmonary TB sites in India follows this hierarchy: | Site | Frequency (%) | Clinical Features | |------|---------------|------------------| | Lymph node | 40–50 | Painless, matted nodes; cervical > axillary | | Abdominal | 15–20 | Ascites, pain, weight loss | | Skeletal | 10–15 | Spine (Pott's disease) most common | | Meningeal | 5–10 | High mortality if untreated | | Pleural | 5–10 | Exudative effusion | | Genitourinary | 3–5 | Often asymptomatic initially | **Clinical Pearl:** Lymph node TB typically presents with cervical lymphadenopathy in children and young adults. The nodes are characteristically non-tender, matted, and may show caseation on histology. Diagnosis is confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showing epithelioid granulomas and acid-fast bacilli (AFB). **Mnemonic:** **LAMS** — Lymph node (most common), Abdominal (second), Meningeal (serious), Skeletal (Pott's disease). Lymph node TB is the gateway to remembering extrapulmonary TB epidemiology in India.
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