## Global TB Incidence **Key Point:** The WHO Global TB Report (2023) estimates the global TB incidence at approximately 130–140 per 100,000 population, with significant regional variation. ### Epidemiological Context **High-Yield:** India accounts for approximately 27% of the global TB burden, followed by Indonesia, Philippines, China, and Nigeria. The incidence in India is estimated at 199 per 100,000 population, making it the highest-burden country globally. ### Regional Variation | Region | Estimated Incidence (per 100,000) | | --- | --- | | Sub-Saharan Africa | 200–250 | | South-East Asia (India) | 180–220 | | Western Pacific | 80–100 | | Americas | 30–50 | | Europe | 15–25 | | Eastern Mediterranean | 90–120 | **Clinical Pearl:** TB incidence correlates strongly with poverty, malnutrition, HIV co-infection, and healthcare access. Countries with lower GDP and higher HIV prevalence show disproportionately higher TB rates. **Mnemonic:** **BRICS** — Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa — collectively account for a substantial proportion of the global TB burden, though India alone carries nearly one-quarter of the world's TB cases. [cite:Park 26e Ch 7]
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