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    Subjects/Pathology/Valvular Heart Disease
    Valvular Heart Disease
    medium
    microscope Pathology

    A 52-year-old woman from Mumbai with a history of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in childhood presents with exertional chest discomfort, syncope, and a systolic ejection murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border that radiates to the neck. Echocardiography shows a bicuspid aortic valve with restricted leaflet opening. Which investigation is most appropriate to assess the hemodynamic severity and guide intervention?

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