NEETPGAI
BlogPricing
Log inStart Free
NEETPGAI

AI-powered NEET PG preparation platform. Master all 19 subjects with adaptive MCQs, AI tutoring, and spaced repetition.

Product

  • Subjects
  • Pricing
  • Blog

Features

  • Adaptive MCQ Practice
  • AI Tutor
  • Mock Tests
  • Spaced Repetition

Resources

  • Blog
  • Study Guides
  • NEET PG Updates
  • Help Center

Legal

  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service

Stay updated

© 2026 NEETPGAI. All rights reserved.
    Subjects/Pediatrics/Vitamin Deficiencies in Children
    Vitamin Deficiencies in Children
    medium
    smile Pediatrics

    A 18-month-old child from rural India presents with poor growth, delayed motor milestones, and recurrent respiratory infections. On examination, there is frontal bossing, delayed fontanelle closure, and bowing of legs. Biochemical investigations show low serum calcium and elevated alkaline phosphatase. What is the most common vitamin deficiency in Indian children presenting with this clinical picture?

    A. Vitamin B12 deficiency
    B. Vitamin D deficiency
    C. Vitamin A deficiency
    D. Vitamin C deficiency

    Explanation

    ## Vitamin D Deficiency in Indian Children **Key Point:** Vitamin D deficiency is the most common vitamin deficiency in Indian children, particularly in populations with limited sun exposure, dietary inadequacy, and malabsorption. ### Clinical Presentation The child in this vignette presents with classic features of nutritional rickets: - Frontal bossing and delayed fontanelle closure (skeletal manifestations) - Bowing of legs (long bone deformity) - Delayed motor milestones (hypocalcemia and muscle weakness) - Recurrent respiratory infections (immunological compromise) ### Biochemical Markers | Parameter | Finding | | --- | --- | | Serum calcium | Low (hypocalcemia) | | Serum phosphate | Low | | Alkaline phosphatase | Elevated | | 25-OH vitamin D | <20 ng/mL (deficient) | | PTH | Elevated (secondary hyperparathyroidism) | ### Epidemiology in India **High-Yield:** Vitamin D deficiency affects 40–90% of Indian children depending on region, socioeconomic status, and dietary practices. It is endemic in: - Urban populations with limited outdoor exposure - Vegetarian populations (limited dietary sources) - Malabsorption disorders - Exclusively breastfed infants without vitamin D supplementation ### Mechanism of Rickets 1. Low vitamin D → impaired intestinal calcium absorption 2. Hypocalcemia → secondary hyperparathyroidism 3. PTH-driven phosphate wasting → hypophosphatemia 4. Defective bone mineralization → rickets **Clinical Pearl:** Rickets is the most visible end-organ manifestation of vitamin D deficiency in children; in adults, osteomalacia predominates. **Mnemonic — Rickets Features: ABCD** - **A**rticular: frontal bossing, delayed fontanelle - **B**ones: bowing, beading of costochondral junctions - **C**alcium: hypocalcemia, tetany, seizures - **D**elay: motor milestones, growth [cite:Park 26e Ch 8]

    Practice similar questions

    Sign up free to access AI-powered MCQ practice with detailed explanations and adaptive learning.

    Start Practicing Free More Pediatrics Questions