A 62-year-old man presents with 6 months of progressive dyspnea and dry cough. He has bilateral submandibular gland enlargement, mild jaundice from autoimmune pancreatitis, and retroperitoneal fibrosis on imaging. Serum IgG4 is markedly elevated at 850 mg/dL. HRCT chest shows interlobular septal thickening, peribronchovascular nodules, and ground-glass opacities. Lung biopsy confirms IgG4-related disease with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. Pulmonary function testing reveals the pattern marked **B** in the diagram. Which of the following best explains the physiologic basis of this PFT pattern in IgG4-related interstitial lung disease?
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