Pediatric Shock Management

A 3-year-old boy from rural Maharashtra presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of diarrhea and vomiting. On examination, he is lethargic, has sunken eyes, skin turgor loss, weak pulses, and cold extremities. Capillary refill time is 4 seconds. Blood pressure is 70/40 mmHg. What is the most appropriate immediate next step in management?

A 5-year-old girl from Delhi presents with a 3-day history of fever, cough, and rapid breathing. On examination, she is irritable, has a respiratory rate of 52/min, intercostal retractions, and a capillary refill time of 3 seconds. Pulse is 140/min, blood pressure is 85/50 mmHg, and oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Chest auscultation reveals bilateral crackles. A rapid diagnostic test confirms influenza A. What is the most appropriate immediate next step?

A 5-year-old girl with acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydration is in hypovolemic shock. A 7-year-old boy with pneumonia and positive blood cultures is in septic shock. Which clinical finding best distinguishes the two children's shock states?

Which of the following is the most common cause of septic shock in children in India?

During a pediatric resuscitation workshop, you are asked: In children presenting with septic shock, which is the most common organism responsible for shock in the neonatal period (0–28 days)?