Protein-Energy Malnutrition

A 3-year-old child from a rural village in Uttar Pradesh presents with severe wasting, loss of muscle mass, and a wizened appearance. The child has been on an inadequate diet consisting mainly of rice and salt for the past 18 months. Which is the most common form of protein-energy malnutrition in this clinical presentation?

In a community-based nutritional survey in a tribal area of Jharkhand, 127 children with protein-energy malnutrition were identified and classified. Which is the most common underlying cause of protein-energy malnutrition in resource-limited settings?

All of the following are characteristic features of Kwashiorkor EXCEPT:

A 3-year-old child from a rural area of Odisha presents with growth retardation, lethargy, and recurrent infections. On examination, the child has wasting of muscles and subcutaneous tissues, dry skin, sparse hair, and absence of edema. The liver is not enlarged. All of the following biochemical findings would be expected EXCEPT:

A 5-year-old girl from an urban slum in Delhi presents with a 4-month history of progressive weight loss, loose skin folds, and absence of subcutaneous fat. On examination, she weighs 12 kg (expected weight for age: 18 kg), height is 100 cm (expected: 110 cm), and there is no edema. Her skin shows a characteristic 'monkey-face' appearance with prominent ribs and vertebrae visible. Serum albumin is 3.2 g/dL, and prealbumin is mildly reduced. Hemoglobin is 9.8 g/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis?