Anaphylaxis in Anesthesia

Which of the following agents is considered the most common cause of anaphylaxis during general anesthesia?

Anaphylaxis occurring during anesthesia is primarily mediated by which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A 45-year-old male undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia suddenly develops severe hypotension (BP 60/30 mmHg), tachycardia (HR 130 bpm), and bronchospasm. The most appropriate immediate first-line drug to administer is:

During general anesthesia, the earliest and most common clinical sign of anaphylaxis is often:

A patient develops severe anaphylaxis during anesthesia and remains hypotensive despite repeated doses of intravenous adrenaline and fluid resuscitation. Which of the following agents might be considered as an adjunctive therapy in this refractory situation, especially if the patient is on beta-blockers?