Scleroderma

A 45-year-old female presents with a 10-year history of Raynaud's phenomenon, followed by telangiectasias on her face and hands, dysphagia due to esophageal dysmotility, and calcinosis cutis on her fingertips. Her skin thickening is limited to her hands and face. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is typically the earliest clinical manifestation of systemic sclerosis in the majority of patients?

A 60-year-old male with long-standing limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis develops progressive dyspnea on exertion and a dry cough. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest shows ground-glass opacities and honeycombing predominantly in the lung bases. Pulmonary function tests reveal a restrictive pattern with reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for his pulmonary manifestation?

A 38-year-old female with a known history of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis presents to the emergency department with sudden onset severe headache, blurred vision, and blood pressure of 200/120 mmHg. Laboratory tests reveal acute kidney injury with a serum creatinine of 3.5 mg/dL (baseline 0.9 mg/dL) and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management step?

A 58-year-old male is diagnosed with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) with rapidly progressive skin thickening and early interstitial lung disease. Which of the following autoantibodies is most likely to be positive in this patient and is associated with a poorer prognosis?