Apoptosis vs Necrosis

A 38-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops a skin biopsy showing extensive apoptosis of keratinocytes with formation of apoptotic bodies and minimal inflammatory response. In contrast, a 45-year-old man with acute hepatitis B presents with hepatocyte necrosis, cell swelling, and prominent macrophage infiltration. Which morphological feature BEST distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis in these two patients?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature that distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?

Which enzyme family is primarily responsible for executing the apoptotic cascade and is absent or non-functional in necrosis?

A 52-year-old man from Delhi presents with acute chest pain radiating to the left arm for 3 hours. He is diaphoretic and anxious. ECG shows ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF. Troponin I is markedly elevated at 4.2 ng/mL. He receives thrombolytic therapy 4 hours after symptom onset. On day 3, cardiac biopsy shows coagulative necrosis with loss of striations, hypereosinophilia, and dense neutrophilic infiltration. Which of the following best explains the histological appearance observed?

A 38-year-old woman from Bangalore undergoes chemotherapy with doxorubicin for breast cancer. One week after the first cycle, a bone marrow biopsy is performed to assess hematologic toxicity. Microscopy reveals scattered individual lymphocytes with condensed, fragmented nuclei surrounded by intact cell membranes, with no inflammatory cell infiltration. Electron microscopy shows intact mitochondria and organized rough endoplasmic reticulum within these cells. Which type of cell death is being demonstrated?