Suicide Risk Assessment

A 42-year-old married man with a 10-year history of bipolar disorder type I presents to the emergency department with his wife. He reports feeling "empty and hopeless" for the past 3 weeks, with poor sleep, anhedonia, and psychomotor retardation. His wife notes he has been giving away his possessions and has written a detailed suicide note found in his desk drawer. On examination, he appears depressed, makes poor eye contact, and admits to passive death wishes but denies active suicidal intent at this moment. He has a past history of one previous suicide attempt 5 years ago (overdose, hospitalized for 2 weeks). What is his most significant suicide risk factor in this clinical context?

A 28-year-old single woman with major depressive disorder is seen in the outpatient psychiatry clinic. She reports depressed mood for 6 months, poor concentration, and guilt about being a burden to her family. She denies suicidal ideation but admits to recurrent thoughts of "not wanting to be alive." On further questioning, she reveals she has stopped taking her antidepressant (sertraline 100 mg daily) for the past 2 weeks because "it wasn't helping anyway." She lives alone, works as a software engineer, and has no close friends. Her father died by suicide when she was 15 years old. She has never attempted suicide. What is the most critical intervention to reduce her suicide risk at this visit?

Which of the following is the single most important demographic risk factor for completed suicide in males?