A 62-year-old man with COPD presents with a 3-month history of a painless right inguinal swelling that increases with standing and coughing. On examination, the swelling is reducible and the examining finger can be invaginated into the inguinal canal. Which anatomical landmark forms the medial boundary of the inguinal canal?
A 58-year-old man undergoes open tension-free mesh repair for a right direct inguinal hernia. During dissection of the spermatic cord, the surgeon identifies three structures within the cord. Which of the following is NOT a true component of the spermatic cord?
A 45-year-old man with a 2-year history of asymptomatic right indirect inguinal hernia is counseled regarding surgical repair. He is concerned about recurrence rates. According to current evidence-based guidelines, which repair technique offers the lowest recurrence rate for primary inguinal hernia?
A 68-year-old man with a history of recurrent right inguinal hernia (failed Lichtenstein repair 5 years ago) presents for revision surgery. The surgeon plans a retrorectus mesh repair. During dissection, which layer must be incised to access the retrorectus space?
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