Diuretics

A 58-year-old man with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (eGFR 35 mL/min/1.73m²) is prescribed a diuretic for fluid overload. Which is the most common adverse effect of loop diuretics in this patient?

A 72-year-old woman with heart failure (LVEF 35%) and hypertension is started on lisinopril and furosemide 40 mg daily. After 2 weeks, she develops severe muscle cramps, fatigue, and generalized weakness. Laboratory findings: Na⁺ 128 mEq/L, K⁺ 2.9 mEq/L, Cl⁻ 92 mEq/L, HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L. ECG shows U waves and flattened T waves. Which electrolyte abnormality is the primary driver of her symptoms, and what is the most appropriate next step?

Loop diuretics achieve their diuretic effect by blocking which ion transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A 62-year-old woman with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prescribed a thiazide diuretic for hypertension and fluid management. After 3 weeks, she reports polyuria, polydipsia, and fatigue. Fasting blood glucose is 180 mg/dL (previously 95 mg/dL). Which investigation would be most appropriate to confirm the metabolic complication and assess its severity?

Regarding loop diuretics, all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT: