A 58-year-old man with chronic kidney disease stage 4 (eGFR 22 mL/min/1.73 m²) presents with fatigue and anorexia. Arterial blood gas shows pH 7.32, PaCO₂ 32 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 16 mEq/L, and normal anion gap. Which investigation is most appropriate to identify the primary acid-base disorder and guide management?

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