A 52-year-old man with chronic kidney disease (eGFR 28 mL/min/1.73m²) presents with fatigue. His hemoglobin is 9.2 g/dL, MCV 88 fL (normocytic), reticulocyte count 0.8%, and serum creatinine 2.8 mg/dL. Which investigation is most specific for confirming the underlying cause of anemia in this patient?

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