A 52-year-old Indian man presents with progressive dysphagia and chest pain for 3 months. Endoscopy reveals a 4 cm ulcerated lesion in the mid-esophagus. Biopsy shows squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular analysis reveals a mutation in the TP53 gene with loss of the wild-type allele. Which of the following best explains the role of this genetic alteration in esophageal carcinogenesis?

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