A 32-year-old woman with a 5-year history of progressive dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain undergoes laparoscopy for suspected endometriosis. A 4 cm ovarian cyst is identified and biopsied. Histopathology reveals endometrial glands and stroma, along with the structure marked C in the diagram. What is the pathophysiologic basis for the presence of this structure in endometriosis?

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