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    Subjects/Medicine/Endoscopy — Sigmoid Diverticulosis
    Endoscopy — Sigmoid Diverticulosis
    easy
    stethoscope Medicine

    A 68-year-old man with a long-standing low-fiber diet presents with acute left lower quadrant pain, fever (38.5°C), and leukocytosis (WBC 12,500/μL). CT abdomen shows inflammation adjacent to the structure marked **A** in the diagram. Which of the following best explains why diverticulosis predominantly affects the sigmoid colon in Western populations?

    A. The sigmoid colon has the smallest luminal diameter, generating the highest intraluminal pressure by Laplace's law, combined with weak points where vasa recta penetrate the muscularis propria
    B. The sigmoid colon lacks the taeniae coli, making it structurally unable to resist increased intraluminal pressure
    C. The sigmoid colon has the thinnest colonic wall and is most exposed to mechanical trauma from stool passage
    D. The sigmoid colon receives the poorest blood supply, predisposing it to ischemic weakening of the mucosa

    Explanation

    ## Why option 1 is right The anchor fact is that sigmoid diverticulosis arises from increased intraluminal pressure (governed by Laplace's law: pressure is inversely proportional to radius) combined with anatomically weak points where the vasa recta penetrate the muscularis propria. The sigmoid colon's smaller diameter generates the highest pressure for the same wall tension, and over decades this pressure gradient forces the mucosa and submucosa through these vasa recta penetration sites, forming pseudodiverticula. This is the primary pathophysiological mechanism in Western diverticulosis (Sleisenger & Fordtran 11e Ch 124). ## Why each distractor is wrong - **Option 2**: The sigmoid colon does not have the thinnest wall; in fact, it has muscular hypertrophy. Mechanical trauma from stool is not the primary mechanism—increased intraluminal pressure is. - **Option 3**: The sigmoid colon's blood supply is adequate; ischemia is not the pathogenic driver. Vasa recta penetration sites are points of structural weakness, not ischemic weakness. - **Option 4**: All segments of the colon possess taeniae coli. The presence or absence of taeniae does not explain sigmoid predominance; the mechanism is pressure and anatomical weak points. **High-Yield:** Sigmoid diverticulosis = small diameter + high pressure (Laplace) + weak vasa recta penetration sites over decades. [cite: Sleisenger & Fordtran 11e Ch 124; AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diverticulitis 2021]

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