A fracture line that runs obliquely across the bone shaft at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis is classified as which type?

Explanation

## Fracture Classification by Line Pattern **Key Point:** Oblique fractures are defined by a fracture line that runs at an angle (typically 45°) to the long axis of the bone, distinguishing them from transverse and spiral patterns. ### Comparison of Fracture Patterns | Fracture Type | Angle to Long Axis | Mechanism | Stability | Example | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Transverse | 90° (perpendicular) | Direct blow | More stable | Femoral shaft from direct trauma | | Oblique | 45° (angled) | Oblique force | Less stable | Tibia from twisting + compression | | Spiral | Helical around shaft | Rotational torque | Least stable | Fibula from rotational injury | | Comminuted | Multiple fragments | High-energy trauma | Unstable | Crush injuries, gunshot wounds | **High-Yield:** Oblique fractures are intermediate in stability between transverse (more stable) and spiral (least stable) patterns. They typically result from a combination of compression and shear forces applied at an angle to the bone. **Clinical Pearl:** Oblique fractures of long bones are prone to shortening and angulation during healing if not properly reduced and maintained in alignment. They require careful reduction and often benefit from internal fixation to prevent malunion. **Mnemonic:** **OAT** — **O**blique = **A**ngle at 45° = **T**wisting + compression force.