A 58-year-old man with poorly controlled essential hypertension (clinic BP 200/118 mmHg) presents with bilateral blurring of vision and headaches. Dilated fundoscopy reveals Keith-Wagener-Barker Grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy. The structure marked B in the diagram shows characteristic crossing changes at the arteriovenous junction. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this finding?

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