A 38-year-old man from Mumbai undergoes total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter. Intraoperatively, the surgeon identifies the inferior thyroid artery and carefully dissects it to expose the recurrent laryngeal nerve. After ligation of the inferior thyroid artery branches, the surgeon notes that the parathyroid glands appear pale and ischemic. Which parathyroid gland(s) are at highest risk of ischemic injury following ligation of the inferior thyroid artery?