A 28-year-old man with newly diagnosed HIV (CD4 count 65 cells/μL) presents with focal neurologic deficits and headache. Brain MRI shows multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the basal ganglia with perifocal edema. The structure marked B in the diagram represents tissue cysts containing bradyzoites. Which of the following best explains the clinical presentation in this immunocompromised patient?

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