Shoulder Dislocation

A 28-year-old male construction worker presents to the emergency department with severe left shoulder pain and inability to move the arm after a fall from scaffolding 2 hours ago. On examination, the shoulder appears squared-off, with the humeral head palpable anteriorly. The arm is held in slight abduction and external rotation. Neurovascular examination reveals intact radial pulse and normal hand sensation. Plain radiographs confirm anterior shoulder dislocation. After adequate analgesia and muscle relaxation, closed reduction is performed successfully. Post-reduction X-rays are normal. What is the most important next step in management?

A 65-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis presents to the orthopedic clinic 4 weeks after a fall on her outstretched hand. She reports severe shoulder pain and inability to abduct the arm. On examination, there is marked shoulder swelling, ecchymosis, and severe pain with any passive movement. Plain radiographs show an anterior shoulder dislocation with an associated large 4-cm fracture of the anteroinferior glenoid rim (Bankart lesion). The humeral head is reduced on the current films. What is the most appropriate next step in management?