Antihypertensives

Which feature best distinguishes ACE inhibitors from angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in terms of their mechanism and adverse effect profile?

A 52-year-old man with a 10-year history of hypertension presents to the outpatient clinic. He has been on amlodipine 5 mg daily for the past 3 years with reasonable blood pressure control (BP 138/88 mmHg). However, over the last 2 months, he has developed persistent bilateral ankle swelling and gum hyperplasia. His renal function and electrolytes are normal. He denies any new medications or dietary changes. What is the most appropriate next step in his management?

Regarding the mechanism of action of antihypertensive drugs, all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT:

A 58-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is being evaluated for antihypertensive therapy. Regarding the choice of antihypertensive agents in this patient, all of the following are appropriate first-line options EXCEPT:

A 48-year-old woman with hypertension and a history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) 6 months ago presents for antihypertensive optimization. She is already on aspirin and a statin. Which antihypertensive agent is the preferred first-line choice for secondary prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events?