Contrast Media — Types and Reactions

A 35-year-old woman with a history of anaphylaxis to iodinated contrast medium (non-IgE mediated) requires urgent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism. Which investigation is most appropriate?

A 62-year-old man with chronic kidney disease (eGFR 28 mL/min/1.73 m²) requires imaging of his abdominal aorta to rule out aneurysm. He has a history of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after a previous coronary angiography. Which investigation is most appropriate for this patient?

A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and stage 3b chronic kidney disease (eGFR 35 mL/min/1.73m²) is scheduled for coronary angiography. Regarding contrast media selection and adverse reaction management, all of the following are appropriate EXCEPT:

A 58-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (eGFR 35 mL/min/1.73 m²) undergoes contrast-enhanced CT abdomen for evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm. He receives 80 mL of iopamidol (non-ionic low-osmolar contrast medium) intravenously. Six hours post-procedure, his serum creatinine rises from 2.1 mg/dL to 2.8 mg/dL. Urine output remains adequate. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients receiving iodinated contrast media?