XRAY — Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Bat-Wing + Kerley B + Cardiomegaly

A 58-year-old man with a history of hypertension presents to the emergency department with acute-onset severe dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, and pink frothy sputum. His chest X-ray shows the pattern marked **A** in the diagram: cardiomegaly with bilateral bat-wing alveolar opacities, Kerley B lines, and cephalization of pulmonary vessels. His blood pressure is 180/110 mmHg, heart rate 118/min, and oxygen saturation 88% on room air. Which of the following pathophysiologic mechanisms BEST explains the radiographic findings seen in structure **A**?