Aortic Aneurysms — Surgical

Which of the following is the most common location for atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)?

A 68-year-old man with a 40 pack-year smoking history and hypertension presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset severe tearing back pain radiating to the left flank. Blood pressure is 165/95 mmHg in the right arm and 140/88 mmHg in the left arm. Pulse is 102/min. Examination reveals a pulsatile abdominal mass. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography shows a type B aortic dissection extending from the left subclavian artery to the iliac bifurcation with a 6 mm entry tear and no signs of malperfusion or rupture. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 72-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and peripheral arterial disease presents with a 3-day history of severe abdominal and back pain. He is hemodynamically unstable with blood pressure 85/50 mmHg and heart rate 118/min. Physical examination reveals a pulsatile abdominal mass, absent femoral pulses bilaterally, and lower limb pallor. Bedside ultrasound confirms a large abdominal aortic aneurysm with free fluid in the pelvis. What is the most appropriate immediate management?

In the Crawford classification of thoracic aortic aneurysms, which extent involves the entire thoracic aorta from the left subclavian artery to the infrarenal abdominal aorta?

A 68-year-old man with a 40-year smoking history presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset severe back pain radiating to the left flank. Blood pressure is 165/95 mmHg in the right arm and 140/85 mmHg in the left arm. Examination reveals a pulsatile abdominal mass. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography shows a Type B aortic dissection extending from the left subclavian artery to the iliac bifurcation, with a 6 cm descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. The patient is haemodynamically stable. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?