Colorectal Cancer — Surgical

A 58-year-old man from rural India presents with a 6-month history of progressive constipation and left lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopy reveals a stenosing tumour at the rectosigmoid junction. Which feature would best distinguish this tumour as locally advanced (T4) rather than T3 disease?

Which TNM stage of colorectal cancer is defined by invasion through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or non-peritonealized pericolic tissues, regardless of lymph node involvement?

In colorectal cancer surgery, which of the following is the correct definition of the distal margin of resection for a tumour located in the rectosigmoid region?

A 58-year-old woman undergoes low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for a mid-rectal adenocarcinoma. Intraoperatively, the surgeon notes that the tumour is adherent to the left ureter. The ureter is carefully dissected free, but a small full-thickness defect is created during mobilization. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate management of this iatrogenic ureteric injury?

A 58-year-old man undergoes curative resection for stage III colorectal cancer (T3N1M0). Adjuvant chemotherapy is planned. What is the drug of choice for adjuvant therapy in this patient?