Gut Development — Duodenum, Pancreas, and Respiratory Buds

A 2-day-old male neonate born to a 28-year-old primigravida presents with excessive drooling, respiratory distress, and cyanosis that worsens with feeding attempts. On examination, a nasogastric tube cannot be passed beyond 10 cm. Chest X-ray shows a gasless abdomen and a coiled tube in the proximal esophagus. What is the embryological defect underlying this presentation?

A 3-week-old female infant born at term to a 32-year-old mother is evaluated for persistent vomiting and abdominal distension. Maternal history is significant for poor glycemic control during the first trimester (HbA1c 9.2%). On examination, the infant is irritable and dehydrated. Abdominal ultrasound reveals pancreatic hypoplasia with a thin pancreatic body and tail. There is no evidence of duodenal obstruction. Which embryological process is most likely disrupted in this infant?

The dorsal pancreatic bud arises from the duodenum at the junction of which two embryological regions?

The respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) separates from the foregut by formation of which embryological structure?