Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Joint

A 58-year-old woman presents with acute-onset right shoulder pain following a fall on an outstretched hand. She reports severe pain with any attempt at shoulder movement. On examination, the shoulder is held in adduction and internal rotation, with severe pain on passive external rotation. X-rays show no fracture. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 52-year-old male presents with chronic shoulder pain and imaging confirms a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff. Which anatomical feature best distinguishes the subscapularis from the other rotator cuff muscles?

A 52-year-old male factory worker presents with a 3-month history of progressive right shoulder pain and inability to abduct the arm beyond 15°. Clinical examination reveals a positive 'drop arm' test. Imaging shows a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with minimal retraction. The patient is otherwise fit for surgery. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 58-year-old male carpenter from Delhi presents with a 3-month history of progressive right shoulder pain and weakness. He reports difficulty lifting objects overhead and pain when reaching behind his back. On examination, he has positive "drop arm" sign and "lag sign." Passive range of motion is preserved. MRI shows a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with mild retraction. What is the most likely anatomical consequence of this injury?

A 42-year-old female physiotherapist from Mumbai reports chronic left shoulder pain for 8 months with difficulty reaching behind her back to fasten her bra. She has no history of trauma. On examination, the "lift-off test" (Gerber's test) is positive, and she cannot internally rotate the shoulder against resistance. Passive internal rotation is full. What is the most likely rotator cuff muscle involved?